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Mass and volume


Measuring volume with a graduated cylinder



1) Which container can be used to measure volume ?
 
A water volume can be measured with a graduated container as a beaker, flask, or conical measure.

Graduated containers

However, their indications of volume are approximations and for a higher accuracy a graduated cylinder is more suitable.


Graduated cylinder

2) Method for using a graduated cylinder

Step 1:
There are some graduated cylinders of various capacities (5 mL to 500 mL in general), each with its own system of graduation.
Therefore, the volume corresponding to each division must first be determinate.

Graduated cylinders and their graduations

Step 2:
To measure volume, the graduation the closest  to the free surface of the liquid must first be determined.
The observer must then set his eyes at the same level as the free surface.

Observer identify graduation closest to free surfac

Step 3:
Volume can be calculated using previous informations.

Measure of volume with graduated cylinders

Comment:
Due to the capillary action, water tends to be attracted by the walls of its container. This phenomenon is negligible for wide containers but in narrow containers it can be observed that the surface becomes round (the surface is curved).
To correctly determine the volume of liquid then you should take as a reference the lowest point of the curved surface.

Graduated cylinder with curved surface




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Water on Earth
Changes of state in the nature: the water cycle
Water in human body
Test for water
Properties of water in different states

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Mass and volume

Volume and its units
Measuring volume with a graduated cylinder
Mass and its units
Measuring the mass of a liquid
Mass of a liter of water
Volumetric mass density

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pH of aqueous solutions
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Composition of hydrochloric acid
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Electrochemical cells and chemical energy

Chemical reaction beteween a copper sulphate solution and zinc
Copper sulfate and zinc battery
Basics of electrochemical cell


        










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