Chemistry

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Sates of matter


States of matter and their changes


The essential about states of matter and their changes

The three states of matter


We distinguish for water and other substances three different states: Solid, liquid and gaseous states.
- In the solid state there are glaciers, sea ices, hail and snow ( composed of tiny ice crystals ).
- In the liquid state there are rivers, seas, oceans, rain,  and also clouds and fogs (composed of tiny water droplets ).
- In the gaseous state there is water vapor always invisible to the naked eye.

Changes of states


Water can change its state if temperature varies and under the action of Sun and wind.

Diagram: different  changes of state
Changes of states

Definitions:
- Melting (or fusion): transition from solid to liquid state.
- Vaporization: transition from liquid to gaseous state.
- Liquefaction (or condensation): transition from gaseous to liquid state.
- Solidification ( or freezing ): transition from liquid to solid state.
- Sublimation: transition from solid to gaseous state.
- Deposition: transition from gaseous to solid state.

Comments:
The vaporization of a liquid may be gradual and natural (such as when exposed to sunlight ). We then say that there is " evaporation ". It can also be obtained by a rapid temperature rise which causes the formation of gas bubbles: this is called " boiling ".


Learn more about states of matter and changes of state


- Sates of matter: The three states and their properties at molecular scale ( with animations to explain the molecules move in solids, liquids and gases )

- Solids and liquids: A game which purpose is to shows differences between solid state and liquid state.

- Changing states: a flash game about changes of state

- States of water worksheet: A worksheet for kids where blank must be filled with changes of state ( evaporates, freeze, boils ...)

- Change of state worsheet: a three pages worksheet about three states, changes of states, energy and molecules.

- States of matter activities: a pdf document that provide various activities like card game about solids, liquids and gases, or a game board.

- Changing states game: a flash game in arctic about water and changes of state.

- States of matter experiment: Various experiments explained with videos




Science class

Mechanics lessons
Water

Water on Earth
Changes of state in the nature: the water cycle
Water in human body
Test for water
Properties of water in different states

States of matter

States of matter and its changes
Boiling water
Water: freezing and melting
Changes of state: mass and volume
Molecules in different states of matter

Mixtures and solutions

Heterogeneous mixtures
Homogeneous mixtures
Decantation
Centrifugation
Filtration
Vaporization of water
Distillation
Chromatography
Dissolving a solid in water
Conservation of mass on dissolving
Miscibility in water

Mass and volume

Volume and its units
Measuring volume with a graduated cylinder
Mass and its units
Measuring the mass of a liquid
Mass of a liter of water
Volumetric mass density

Air and atmosphere

Atmosphere
Earth's atmosphere protect us
Threats to the Earth's atmosphere
Composition of air
Air and life
Pressure

Atoms and molecules

Molecules
Molecules in mixtures and pure substances
Molecules and states of matter
Atoms
Composition of molecules
Constituents of the atoms
The electrical neutrality of the atom

Combustions

Basics of combustion
The combustion of carbon
The combustion of butane

Atoms and chemical reactions

Chemical reactions
Chemical equations
Law of conservation of mass
Chemical synthesis

Metals

Most common metals
How to distinguish metals ?

Corrosion of metals
Electrical conductivity of solid materials
Electrons and free electrons
Electric current in metals

Ions

The conductivity of aqueous solutions
Aqueous solutions and ions
The direction of movement of ions
Formation of ions
Tests for ions

Acidic and basic solutions

pH of aqueous solutions
Ions in acidic and basic solutions
Dilution of acids and bases
Composition of hydrochloric acid
Chemical reaction between iron and hydrochloric acid

Electrochemical cells and chemical energy

Chemical reaction beteween a copper sulphate solution and zinc
Copper sulfate and zinc battery
Basics of electrochemical cell


        










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